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Bilbao (Mesoamerican site)
Bilbao is a Mesoamerican archaeological site about from the modern town of Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa in the Escuintla department of Guatemala.〔Adams 1996, p.227. Kelly 1996, p.219.〕 The site lies among sugar plantations on the Pacific coastal plain and its principal phase of occupation is dated to the Classic Period.〔Sharer 2000, pp.482-3. Adams 1996, p.228.〕 Bilbao was a major centre belonging to the Cotzumalhuapa culture with its main occupation dating to the Late Classic (c. AD 600–800).〔Sharer 2000, pp.482-3.〕 Bilbao is the former name of the plantation on which the site lies and from which it has derived its name.〔Kelly 1996, p.217.〕
==Location==
Bilbao lies of the outskirts of Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa, situated approximately above mean sea level.〔Benítez et al 1993, p.208.〕 The archaeological sites of Bilbao, El Baúl and El Castillo were all parts of the same urban centre that extended over about . This extended urban area is known as the Cotzumalhuapa Nuclear Zone by archaeologists and Bilbao lies in the southernmost part of this area. The urban growth of modern Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa has expanded to the edge of the monumental architecture of the site.〔Chinchilla 2001.〕
The dominant geographical feature close to the Cotzumalhaupa Nuclear Zone is the Volcán de Fuego, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, its crater rising to an altitude of above mean sea level at only a distance of about from Bilbao itself. The activity of the volcano must have impacted upon the population of the site, which must regularly have suffered from falls of volcanic ash, affecting agriculture, transport routes and perishable dwellings.〔Chinchilla Mazariegos 2006, p.119-120.〕
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